由于多孔材料具有优异的强化换热能力，在新型热防护系统中被广泛应用。本文以断层扫描获得的多孔材料切片为研究对象，采用分水岭算法对材料各向异性进行表征，结合双分布格子-Boltzmann 方法对其流动换热特性进行研究。结果表明：流动沿骨架未拉伸方向时，流动路径更曲折，涡系结构更复杂，导致渗透率更小，换热能力更强，且不同方向渗透率之比与结构各向异性因子在数值上基本相同，说明多孔材料不同方向流通能力受结构各向异性影响。在过渡区，多孔材料不同方向换热能力的差异随雷诺数增大逐渐增大；在达西区和强惯性区，不同方向换热能力的差异不随雷诺数变化。

Due to excellent enhancement of heat transfer capabilities, porous materials have been widely used in new thermal protection systems. In this paper, the porous material slices obtained by tomography imaging were studied, and the anisotropy of the material was characterized using the watershed algorithm. The flow and heat transfer characteristics were investigated using the dual distribution lattice Boltzmann method. The results show that when the flow is along the direction of the unstretched skeleton, the flow path is more tortuous and the vortex structure is more complex, leading to smaller permeability and stronger heat transfer capability. The ratio of permeability in different directions and the anisotropy factor of the structure are numerically similar, indicating that the flow capacity in different directions of porous materials is influenced by the structural anisotropy. In the Transitional region, the difference in heat transfer capabilities in different directions of the porous material increases with increasing Reynolds number, while in the Darcy and Forchheimer regions, the difference in heat transfer capabilities in different directions does not change with Reynolds number.