During the energy release phase of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, the air pressure in the storage device gradually decreases. When it falls below a certain threshold, the unit cannot maintain the rated total output power. To address this issue, the study proposes the applications of bypass systems in the CAES system expanders. In this paper, three types of bypass systems are designed for the expander unit of a CAES system: single-stage bypass systems (3 configurations), two-stage bypass systems (3 configurations), and three-stage bypass system (1 configuration), with a total of 7 configurations. By adjusting the openings of the main and bypass valves, the total inlet and outlet pressures of certain turbines are modified, thereby changing their mass flow rates and output powers to achieve the rated total output power. The results show that 5 configurations can achieve the desired performance. The three-stage bypass system enables the lowest terminal air pressure in the storage device, expanding the sliding pressure operation range of the unit. The optimal configuration is the two-stage bypass system that independently controls T1 and T2, which achieves the longest power generation duration and the highest energy density, representing a 71.25% improvement compared to the original unit. Therefore, adopting the bypass control methods can extend the power generation duration and increase the energy density of the CAES system.

Hydrogen production is considered to be a promising new hydrogen production method in the future. However, there are high overpotential and slow kinetic process of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and corrosion of the electrode caused by chlorine evolution reaction (CER), which make the hydrogen production technology of seawater electrolysis face great challenges. In recent years, relevant studies have shown that coupling the anodic oxidation reaction of hydrazine, urea, sulfide, sugars, microplastics and other substances into the seawater electrolysis hydrogen production system can replace OER, avoid problems such as chlorine corrosion and achieve higher economic benefits. This paper systematically reviews the principle, challenges and the research status of related catalysts, focuses on the progress of the oxidation reaction of electrolytic seawater with lowenergy consumption in recent years, and finally discusses the problems that need to be breakthrough and the future research direction.

To address the core challenge of low salt resource utilization in solar desalination, this study designs a biomimetic ion-channel graphene oxide/polyamide (GO/PA) interfacial evaporator. By tuning the charge characteristics of the PA layer, a dual-negative GO/PIP membrane and a heterogeneously charged GO/PEI membrane were developed. The GO/PIP membrane achieves selective separation of Cl−/SO²⁻₄ through the Donnan effect and size sieving effect while inducing NaCl crystallization at the membrane edge via lateral ion channels. In contrast, the GO/PEI membrane forms a vertical electric field within the membrane, driving the directional migration of anions and cations, thereby effectively inhibiting salt deposition in the short term. Experimental results show that the evaporation rate of the GO/PA membrane is more than 2.6 times higher than that of pure water, with the GO/PIP membrane exhibiting the highest evaporation rate of 1.94 kg·h⁻¹·m⁻². The crystallization rate of the GO/PIP membrane reaches 280 g·m⁻²·h⁻¹, and after three cycles, the NaCl purity reaches 96.13% (separation factor 3.5). The anti-salt crystallization dynamic equilibrium strategy proposed in this study provides an engineering-ready solution for achieving zero-liquid discharge treatment of high-salinity wastewater. 

The operating altitude of the airship is controlled by the large volume change caused by the phase change of ammonia, which is an innovative way to solve the problem of long-term stable airborne stay of the airship. The focus of this method is to strengthen the condensation heat transfer process of ammonia outside the thin-walled wire tube in the stratosphere. In this paper, the condensation heat transfer process of ammonia under 7 different tube row structures at 6.5 kPa was analyzed through numerical simulation. The study found that when the tube bundle arrangement angle is 98◦ and the tube spacing is 2d, the condensation efficiency of ammonia outside the tube is the best under low pressure. Compared with the structure with the tube bundle arrangement angle of 60°, the average condensation heat transfer coefficient around the tube is increased by 49.1%, and the condensation rate is increased by 1.1 times. Compared with the structure with a tube spacing of 1.5d, the average condensation heat transfer coefficient around the tube is increased by 82.9%, and the condensation rate is increased by 89.4%.

The utilization of abundant solar energy resources in the production of green and clean energy exhibits the characteristics of cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, thereby demonstrating a wide range of potential applications. Herein, this work presents the solar-driven floating hydrogen production system, which effectively achieves rapid photothermal conversion and enhances mass transfer rates through interfacial heating and improved mass transfer. The results demonstrate that the system achieves a hydrogen evolution rate of 72.1 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ utilizing formic acid under an irradiation intensity of 1 kW m⁻² and maintains excellent stability even after undergoing five cycles. More importantly, the floating system also demonstrates its potential for the application of solar energy in room-temperature hydrogen production by efficiently saving energy-consuming processes like filtration during catalyst utilization.